What Is Sciatica? Causes, Symptoms and When to Get Help

Sciatica is one of the most common reasons people seek physiotherapy, but it is also one of the most misunderstood. This guide covers what sciatica actually is, the four most common causes, and why accurate diagnosis matters more than most people realise.

If you are looking for physiotherapy for sciatica in Nottingham, this is where to start.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How long does sciatica last?

Most acute episodes improve within four to six weeks with appropriate management. Cases that have been present for several months take longer, because the nervous system adapts around persistent pain and that sensitisation needs to be addressed as part of rehabilitation. Without identifying and treating the underlying cause, recurrence is common even after the pain resolves.

What is the difference between sciatica and piriformis syndrome?

The symptoms are often identical - pain, tingling or numbness running down the leg - which is why piriformis syndrome is so frequently missed. The difference is the source. In disc-related sciatica the nerve is compressed at the spine, but in piriformis syndrome the sciatic nerve is compressed by the piriformis muscle in the gluteal region. The distinction matters because the treatment is completely different.

Should I see a physiotherapist for sciatica?

Yes, and sooner rather than later. The longer sciatica goes unaddressed, the more the nervous system adapts around the pain, which makes it harder to treat. An assessment that identifies the source - not just the symptom - is the most important first step.

Can sciatica be treated without surgery?

In the vast majority of cases, yes. Around 90% of sciatica resolves with conservative management. Surgery is reserved for specific situations, primarily where there is progressive neurological deficit or where high-quality conservative treatment has failed over an adequate period. A well-structured physiotherapy programme is the right starting point for almost everyone.

Is sciatica the same as a slipped disc?

Not necessarily. A disc herniation can be one cause of sciatica, but sciatica can also be caused by piriformis syndrome, spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis. Conversely, a disc herniation does not always cause sciatica - it entirely depends on whether and how it is compressing a nerve root.